Hy Travelers. To know well the geographical circumstances somewhere or the area, first we need to know the location of the place or the area on the surface of the Earth.
This can be understood by knowing the
things concerning the life of the area, the population in the area, the area's
position towards a place or other areas, and historical background as well as
the various influences that ever existed or will exist against the region.
a. Astronomical Layout
Astronomical Layout is the layout of the astronomical was the
location of a place connected with the position of latitude and longitude,
which form a point coordinates.
Lines of latitude are parallel lines on
the pattern of the Earth parallel to the Equator (Equatorial). So, North
latitude (N) means all positions or places that are located in the North of the
equator, while the south latitude (LS) means all positions or places that are
located south of the equator. The distance between latitude measured the distance measured by units of
degrees. The lowest is 0 ° latitude (Equator) and highest
latitude is 90 °
(North Pole and South Pole).
Mean longitude (meridians) are all
lines that connect the North Pole and the South Pole, upright on the latitude.
All meridians are great circles in half. An awful lot of the meridian can be
drawn, but not too tightly, made every 15 °. Location of Indonesia, namely
astronomical located on 6 ° n – 11 ° LS and 95 ° BT – 141 ° BT.
The location of this astronomical shows
that Indonesia is located in a tropical climate. There is a tropical climate
areas in between or the tropic of cancer, tropic of capricorn and or. This has
resulted in temperatures in Indonesia is quite high (between 26 – 28 ° ° C), quite a lot of rainfall (between
700 – 7,000 mm/year), zenital rain (rain ride the Equator), and the process of
weathering rocks pretty quick as well as there are different types of animal
species (fauna) and plants (flora).
Layout led to astronomical time
difference is roughly 3 hours (exactly 46 x 4 hours = 184 minutes) between the
easternmost and westernmost country of Indonesia.
Since January 1, 1988 in Indonesia
imposed new time Division, replacing the regional division very long in force
since January 1, 1964. With the introduction of this new time divisions, time
shift occurs in some places.
1) Area to the West Indonesia Time
(WIB)
The western part of Indonesia upon time
of meridian base 105 °
BT, covers the whole province on Sumatra, the whole province in Java, West
Kalimantan province, and the province of Central Kalimantan (have within 7
hours earlier than GMT time).
2) time zone central part of Indonesia
(WITA)
The central part of Indonesia upon time
of meridian base 120 °
BT, covers the Province of East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Bali, NTT, NTB,
and entire provinces in Sulawesi (have within 8 hours earlier than GMT time).
3) Region the eastern Indonesia Time (WIT)
The eastern part of Indonesia upon time
of meridian base 135 °
BT, covers the entire province of Irian Jaya (Papua), Maluku, North Maluku and
(increments of time has 9 hours earlier than GMT time).
b. Maritime Layout
Location of maritim was the location of
a place is reviewed from a marine. I.e. whether the place was near or far from
the sea as well as whether partially or completely surrounded by the sea and so
on.
Maritime or marine layout layout of
Indonesia are very good because its territory in the form of islands surrounded
by three great oceans, namely:
1) the eastern part of Indonesia in
dealing with the Pacific Ocean.
2) the southern part of Indonesia in
dealing with the Indian Ocean.
3) Indonesia in dealing with the
northern part of the South China Sea.
The location of such maritime certainly
bring a good result for Indonesia for example, the existence of a business or
activities in the field of shipping, ports and fisheries in the region of
Indonesia, Indonesia had caused great economic potential to be developed, and
Indonesia has an important position in the political scene of the world.
c. The Location of Geomorphological Evidence
Location of geomorphological evidence
is the layout based on the morphology of a place on Earth. Location of
geomorphological evidence Indonesia vary widely. The difference lies the
geomorphological evidence influence bermacammacam, for example:
1) the existence of a very different
temperature influence on the type of plant,
2) determine whether or not there are
minerals that are conceived by the rocks,
3) determines the density of a place,
for example daratannya or steep hilly morphology, population density, and
4) need to take into account the
morphology of the area before building the buildings, bridges, buildings, and
highways.
d. The Geological Layout
Geological layout was the location of a
region or country based on the structure of the rocks on the rugged leather.
Indonesia's geological layout can be seen from some angles, namely geological
formations, from the State of the rock, and the mountainous landscape.
Seen from the geological Formation, the
islands of Indonesia are divided into three zones of geological (plate three
encounters the lithosphere), namely:
1) Northern section bordering the
shield of Asia and its spread southward to sink below the surface of the sea
water, which is known as Sundaland (called the Asian Plate);
2 Western and Southern Part) is limited
by the "Continent of Gondwana" consisting of India, the Indian Ocean,
Australia, and its expansion towards the North sank below the surface of the
water, namely exposure to Sahul (called the Indo-Australia);
3) Eastern portion is bounded by the
Pacific ocean floor (called the base Plate of the Pacific Ocean that extends to
the Southwest).
The plains of Eastern Indonesia
(exposure to Sahul) have kind of the same with rocks in the continent of
Australia. The transition area between the two the plain called the area
Wallace. Views of the mountainous landscape, Indonesia is situated at the
confluence of two mountain ranges, namely the young Sirkum series Sirkum series
Pacific and Mediterranean. Therefore, on Indonesia:
1) there are many volcanoes that could
fertilize the soil,
2) frequent earthquakes, and
3) there are tertiary hills rich in
goods, such as petroleum, coal and bauxite.
e. Geographical Location
Geographical location is the location
of an area as seen from the Earth, or the fact that the area's position on the
Earth's patterns are compared with the position of other regions. Geographical
location is determined by astronomical and geological layout layout. So, if
seen geographically, Indonesia is located between 6 ° N-11 ° S and 95 ° E-141 °
E, between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, between the Asian continent
and the continent of Australia, and at the confluence of two mountain ranges,
namely the Pacific and Mediterranean Sirkum Sirkum.
Such geographical location put
Indonesia on its strategic cross position and good. This can be seen on the
following things.
1) Indonesia is located in the tropical
heat evenly throughout the year and has only two seasons, that is the rainy
season and the dry season. The absence of winter in Indonesia led to a life of
farming, fisheries, and livestock can take place throughout the year.
2) because it lies between two very
lively ocean shipping lines, coupled with the wealth of flora, fauna, and
mineral resources, will be very conducive to trade traffic and adds a source of
foreign exchange of the country.
3) Layout in between two big continents
cause Indonesia has the season turns every 6 months, that is the rainy season
and the dry season. The climate is very influential to the plantation business,
such as tea, rubber, coffee, tobacco, sugar cane, and so on. Of course this can
make Indonesia enlarging the export results of such plantations.
4) as it is situated on the area of
young folds then it is possible pengeksploitasian against sources of minerals,
such as petroleum, coal, iron, nickel, and others.
f. Economic Layout
Economical layout is the location of a
State review of the economic life of the country and towards other countries.
Layout of the economical Indonesia very well, because it is located between the
continents of Asia and Australia plus a few places around Indonesia which is
the Centre of trade traffic, for example: Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.
Neighbouring Indonesia needs the
results of mining results for agriculture and the many resulting from
Indonesia. The possibility of Indonesia became the center of a large world
market that many industrial countries that infuse capital in Indonesia.
g. Location of Socialcultural
Layout sosiokultural layout is based on
the social and cultural circumstances of the region concerned against the area
around Indonesia. Indonesia, as a cultural-sosiogeografis, located at the junction of
four roads between Asia and Australia, consisting of various Nations. This
causes the occurrence of acculturation.
In sosiokultural, Indonesia has many
similarities with neighboring countries. For example, the same is emerging,
both are having problems the explosion of the population, are equally based on
the religious life, are both former possessions, and most of its inhabitants
have the equation of race.
By looking at the social conditions, it
is not surprising when the Nations in Asia generally, and Southeast Asia in
particular, seeks to advance the society and improve the situation of sosiokulturalnya.
The existence of cooperation and social contacts can be seen with the
establishment of the ASEAN, Asean Games, and various other forms of
cooperation.
